This paper rewrites and expands the draft analysis of the reported Shaqq al-Qamar into a technical model comparison study. The event is not treated as mechanical fission of the lunar body; it is treated as a transient image-duplication or image-parting event viewed from Earth. Five mechanisms are evaluated: point-mass Schwarzschild gravitational lensing, regular cosmic-string conical-deficit lensing, a Witten-type superconduct ing cosmic-string variant, Morris–Thorne/Ellis wormhole displacement lensing, atmospheric refraction through a superior-mirage or ducting layer, and an ultrarelativistic compact-object shock. The observational bench mark is supplied by the hadith framework: the Moon is described as appearing in two parts, with a mountain visually between or separating the apparent pieces. Since the lunar angular diameter is approximately 0.52◦, a clean two-piece visual separation requires an angular parting of order δθ ∼ 0.5◦. A Schwarzschild lens can satisfy this angular scale only by introducing a stellar-scale mass, M ≈ 1.24M⊙, at the broad least-disruptive placement, causing catastrophic accelerations and tidal stresses. A wormhole avoids a singular attractive lens only by invoking exotic stress-energy and non-rigid caustic image maps. Atmospheric optics is physically con servative, but it naturally favors low-altitude, vertically distorted, shimmering, and chromatic images rather than a stable high-altitude achromatic bisection. The regular cosmic string is therefore identified as the best clean-split geometric mechanism: its spacetime is locally flat, so it can duplicate images without ordinary Newtonian attraction or tidal destruction. Its fatal empirical weakness is that the required dimensionless tension, Gµ/c2 ∼ 3.5×10−4, is far above global cosmic-string bounds. The paper therefore frames the super
conducting local-loop variant as a speculative, conditional model: it preserves the clean conical duplication while providing a possible luminous seam through induced ionospheric currents. The conclusion is not that such a string is established, but that among the mechanisms considered it is the only one that simultaneously matches a stable clean split and avoids extinction-level local tides.

The mechanisms considered here divide into three classes. First, Schwarzschild lensing and ultrarelativistic shocks satisfy the angular scale only by introducing lethal energy densities or nearby compact-object masses. These are excluded both visually and dynamically. A point-mass lens would form an Einstein ring or distorted crescents, while simultaneously producing a center-of-mass acceleration of 4.45 × 103 ms−2 and a ∼ 30g global tidal differential. An ultrarelativistic shock would be too brief, too destructive, and too morphologically unstable.

Second, wormholes and atmospheric mirages remain possible only in different senses. A traversable wormhole is mathematically interesting but requires exotic negative energy and produces caustics, smearing, and nonlinear displacement maps. Atmospheric optics is the conservative fallback: it is common enough in nature, non destructive, and remnant-free. However, it naturally predicts near-horizon geometry, vertical stacking, shimmer, and color fringes, not a stable high-altitude achromatic split.

Third, the cosmic-string model is uniquely positioned. A regular cosmic string produces clean image duplication through conical topology while remaining locally flat outside the core; therefore it avoids the Newtonian attraction and tidal destruction that eliminate Schwarzschild lensing. Its required deficit angle, ∆ ∼ 0.5◦, corresponds to Gµ/c2 ∼ 3.5 × 10−4 and µ ∼ 4.68 × 1023 kgm−1, which is observationally excluded for ordinary global string networks. The only remaining version is a speculative transient local loop. If the historical visual description includes luminous atmospheric effects, a Witten-type superconducting string provides the strongest conditional model because it combines clean conical duplication with induced ionospheric plasma emission along the seam.

The final conclusion is therefore carefully qualified: atmospheric refraction is the most conservative non-exotic fallback, but for a stable, high-altitude, achromatic Clean Split, the cosmic string is the only mechanism in this comparison that permits both geophysical survival and sharp two-image visual fidelity. The superconducting cosmic string is the most plausible speculative candidate if a luminous parting is also required.